Shevuot 39B

התם שיש בידם למחות, ולא מיחו.

The Talmud answers: There, in that verse, the reference is to a case where the others had the ability to protest the transgression, and nevertheless, they did not protest. By contrast, when one takes a false oath, the entire world is punished, even those who were not able to protest.

מאי איכא בין רשעים דמשפחתו לרשעים דעלמא; בין צדיקים דמשפחתו לצדיקים דעלמא?

The Talmud asks: What difference is there between the punishment of the wicked people in a transgressor’s family and the punishment of the other wicked people of the world, and between the punishment of the righteous people in his family and the punishment of the other righteous people of the world?

הוא בשאר עבירות ⁠– בדיניה; ורשעים דמשפחה ⁠– בדין חמור; ורשעים דעלמא ⁠– בדין הקל; צדיקי דהכא והכא ⁠– פטירי.

The Talmud answers: With regard to other transgressions, the transgressor himself is punished with his own punishment, i.e., that which is written in the Torah for that transgression. And the wicked people of his family, who covered for him, are punished with another severe punishment, and the wicked people of the rest of the world, who refrained from protesting his action, are punished with a light punishment. The righteous people both here and here, i.e., both his family members who did not cover for him, and others who were not able to protest his action, are exempt from punishment.

גבי שבועה, הוא ורשעים דמשפחה ⁠– כדיניה; ורשעים דעלמא ⁠– בדין חמור; וצדיקי דהכא והכא ⁠– בדין הקל.

With regard to one who takes a false oath, by contrast, he and the wicked people of his family are all punished with his punishment, i.e., they receive the same punishment he does. And the wicked people of the rest of the world, who refrained from protesting his action, are punished with a severe punishment, and the righteous people both here, in his family, and here, in the rest of the world, are punished with a light punishment, even though they did not behave inappropriately. Accordingly, the consequences of taking a false oath are more severe than those of other transgressions.