Shevuot 39A

שכל העולם כולו נזדעזע בשעה שאמר הקדוש ברוך הוא בסיני ״לא תשא את שם ה׳ אלהיך לשוא״.

that the entire world trembled when God said at Mount Sinai: “You should not take the name of YHWH, your God, in vain, for YHWH will not hold guiltless one who takes His name in vain” (Exodus 20:7).

וכל עבירות שבתורה נאמר בהן ״ונקה״, וכאן נאמר ״לא ינקה״. וכל עבירות שבתורה נפרעין ממנו, וכאן ממנו וממשפחתו; שנאמר: ״אל תתן את פיך לחטיא את בשרך״⁠ – ואין בשרו אלא קרובו, שנאמר: ״ומבשרך לא תתעלם״.

And be aware that with regard to all of the other transgressions in the Torah it is stated: “And will…clear the guilty [venakkeh]” (Exodus 34:7); whereas here, with regard to taking a false oath, it is stated: “Will not hold guiltless [lo yenakkeh].” And be aware that with regard to all of the other transgressions in the Torah, punishment is exacted only from the transgressor, whereas here, punishment is exacted from him and from his family, as it is stated: “Do not allow your mouth to bring your flesh into guilt” (Ecclesiastes 5:5). The verse indicates that one who sins with his mouth, by taking a false oath, causes his flesh to be punished as well; and one’s flesh is nothing other than his relative, as it is stated: “And that you not hide yourself from your own flesh” (Isaiah 58:7).

וכל עבירות שבתורה נפרעין ממנו, וכאן ממנו ומכל העולם כולו; שנאמר: ״אלה וכחש״.

And be aware that with regard to all of the other transgressions in the Torah, punishment is exacted only from the transgressor; whereas here, punishment is exacted from him and from the entire world, as it is stated: “Swearing, and lying, and murdering, and stealing, and committing adultery, they break all bounds…Therefore, the land mourns, and everyone who dwells therein languishes” (Hosea 4:2–3).

ואימא עד דעביד להו לכולהו! לא סלקא דעתך; דכתיב: ״מפני אלה אבלה הארץ״, וכתיב: ״על כן תאבל הארץ ואמלל כל יושב בה״.

The Talmud suggests: And why not say that punishment is not exacted from the entire world unless he commits all of the sins mentioned in the verse? The Talmud answers: This should not enter your mind, as it is written: “Because of swearing the land mourns” (Jeremiah 23:10), indicating that taking a false oath is sufficient to cause the land to mourn. And it is similarly written in the verse in Hosea: “Therefore, the land mourns, and everyone who dwells therein languishes.” Both verses employ a term of mourning.