Shabbat 94B

אף במוציא את המת לקוברו. אמר רבא: ומודה רבי שמעון במר לחפור בו וספר תורה לקרות בו ⁠— דחייב. פשיטא, דאי הא נמי מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה היא, אלא מלאכה שצריכה לגופה לרבי שמעון היכי משכחת לה? מהו דתימא, עד דאיכא לגופו ולגופה, כגון מר לעשות לו טס ולחפור, ספר תורה להגיה ולקרות בו, קא משמע לן.

even one who carries out a corpse to bury it. Rava said: And R' Shimon agrees that one who carries out a hoe on Shabbat with which to dig or a Torah scroll from which to read is liable. The Talmud asks: This is obvious, as if those acts of carrying out are also in the category of a prohibited labor not necessary for its own sake because the carrier’s intention is to dig or to read, if so, according to R' Shimon, how can you find an act of carrying that would be considered a prohibited labor necessary for its own sake? The Talmud answers: Nevertheless, there is a novel element in Rava’s statement. Lest you say that R' Shimon deems one liable only in a case where one carries out an object for the sake of the one carrying it, as well as for its own sake, For example: in a case where one carried out a hoe for its own sake, in order to sharpen its blade, and for the sake of the one carrying it, in order to dig with it, or one carried out a Torah scroll for its own sake, in order to emend it, and for the sake of the one carrying it, in order to read from it; therefore, Rava teaches us that R' Shimon deems one liable for carrying out an object even when it is carried only for his own sake and not for the sake of the object.

ההוא שכבא דהוה בדרוקרת, שרא רב נחמן בר יצחק לאפוקיה לכרמלית. אמר ליה רבי יוחנן אחוה דמר בריה דרבנא לרב נחמן בר יצחק: כמאן, כרבי שמעון? אימר דפטר רבי שמעון מחיוב חטאת, איסורא דרבנן מיהא איכא! אמר ליה: האלהים, דעיילת ביה את? ואפילו לרבי יהודה שרי, דמי קאמינא לרשות הרבים? לכרמלית קאמינא, גדול כבוד הבריות שדוחה את ״לא תעשה״ שבתורה.

The Talmud relates: There was a corpse in the city of Derokera and Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak permitted carrying it out into a karmelit on Shabbat because, for some reason, it could not remain where it was. R' Yoḥanan, brother of Mar, son of Rabbana, said to Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak: In accordance with whose opinion did you permit moving the corpse to the karmelit? If it was in accordance with the opinion of R' Shimon, say that in that case R' Shimon exempted one from the obligation to bring a sin-offering. However, there remains a rabbinic prohibition. Rav Naḥman bar Yitzḥak said to him: By God, have you entered into an understanding of the matter? Even according to the opinion of R' Yehuda it is permitted to carry out the corpse, as did I say they may carry it out to the public domain? I said that it may be carried out into a karmelit, which is only prohibited by rabbinic law. With regard to prohibitions by rabbinic law, the principle states: Great is human dignity, as it overrides a prohibition in the Torah: “You should not deviate from that which they tell you to the right or to the left” (Deuteronomy 17:11).