Shabbat 8A

אמר אביי: ברשות היחיד דכולי עלמא לא פליגי כדרב חסדא, אלא הכא ⁠— באילן העומד ברשות היחיד ונופו נוטה לרשות הרבים, וזרק ונח אנופו, דרבי סבר אמרינן ״שדי נופו בתר עיקרו״. ורבנן סברי לא אמרינן ״שדי נופו בתר עיקרו״.

Regarding this assertion, Abaye said: In the private domain, everyone agrees that the halakha is in accordance with the opinion of Rav Ḥisda, i.e., that the private domain is considered one entity filled from the ground to the sky. However, here this baraita is referring to a special case involving a tree standing in the private domain and its boughs lean into the public domain, and one threw an object from the public domain and it rested upon the boughs of the tree. R' Yehuda HaNasi holds that we say: Cast its boughs after its trunk. The tree’s branches are considered an extension of its trunk, therefore the entire tree is considered a private domain, and one who throws onto it is liable. And the Rabbis hold that we do not say: Cast its boughs after its trunk, and therefore the boughs themselves are not considered to be a private domain, but rather an exempt domain, and one who throws atop them from the public domain is not liable.

אמר אביי: זרק כוורת לרשות הרבים, גבוהה עשרה ואינה רחבה ששה ⁠— חייב. רחבה ששה ⁠— פטור.

Abaye said: One who threw a round reed jug into the public domain, and the jug is 10 handbreadths high and its diameter is not 6 handbreadths wide, is liable. Since its diameter is less than 6 handbreadths, its area can fit the area of 4 handbreadths squared. Therefore, this jug is considered an object, and if he threw it from the private domain to the public domain he is liable. However, if the diameter of the jug was 6 handbreadths wide, he is exempt. Since the area of the jug is greater than the area of 4 handbreadths squared, it is considered an independent private domain, and he did not perform an act of throwing an object from one domain to another domain.