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Text Excerpt
אלא דאין רשות הרבים למעלה מעשרה — מתניתין היא! דתנן: הזורק ארבע אמות בכותל, למעלה מעשרה טפחים — כזורק באויר. למטה מעשרה טפחים — כזורק בארץ.
Rather, suggest that Shmuel meant that there is no public domain above 10 handbreadths. It is a Mishnah, and why would he repeat an explicit Mishnah? As we learned in a Mishnah: With regard to one who throws an object 4 cubits in the public domain, and the object came to rest on a wall standing in the public domain above 10 handbreadths from the ground, it is as if he were throwing an object in the air and it never landed. If it came to rest below 10 handbreadths off the ground, it is as if he were throwing an object to the ground. That is an explicit Mishnah stating that the area of the public domain does not go beyond 10 handbreadths off the ground.
אלא כרמלית, דאין כרמלית למעלה מעשרה. ואקילו בה רבנן מקולי רשות היחיד ומקולי רשות הרבים. מקולי רשות היחיד — דאי איכא מקום ארבעה הוא דהויא כרמלית, ואי לא — מקום פטור בעלמא הוא. מקולי רשות הרבים — דעד עשרה טפחים הוא דהויא כרמלית, למעלה מעשרה טפחים לא הויא כרמלית.
Rather, it must be that Shmuel’s statement was referring to a karmelit; there is no karmelit above 10 handbreadths. And, if so, the rabbis were lenient with regard to a karmelit and applied some leniencies of the private domain and some leniencies of the public domain. The Talmud elaborates: Some leniencies of the private domain: That if there is an area of 4 handbreadths, then it is a karmelit, and if there is not an area of 4 handbreadths, it is merely an exempt domain. Some leniencies of the public domain: That until a height of 10 handbreadths, it is a karmelit, above 10 handbreadths is not a karmelit.
גופא, אמר רב גידל אמר רב חייא בר יוסף אמר רב: בית שאין תוכו עשרה וקרויו משלימו לעשרה, על גגו — מותר לטלטל בכולו, בתוכו — אין מטלטלין בו אלא בארבע אמות.
To the matter itself: It was mentioned above that Rav Giddel said that Rav Ḥiyya bar Yosef said that Rav said: A house that does not have inside it walls that are 10 handbreadths high, and with its roofing it reaches a height of 10 handbreadths above the ground; on its roof, one may carry on all of it, as its roof is a private domain in every sense, and inside it, one may only carry 4 cubits, as inside the height is insufficient to render it a private domain and it retains karmelit status.