Shabbat 73B

גמ׳ מנינא למה לי? אמר רבי יוחנן: שאם עשאן כולם בהעלם אחד ⁠— חייב על כל אחת ואחת.

Talmud: We learned in the Mishnah that the primary categories of labor number 40-less-one. The Talmud asks: Why do I need this tally? R' Yoḥanan said: The tally was included to teach that if he performed all of the prohibited labors in the course of one lapse of awareness, during which he was unaware of the prohibition involved, he is liable for each and every one.

הזורע והחורש. מכדי מכרב כרבי ברישא, ליתני חורש והדר ליתני זורע! תנא בארץ ישראל קאי דזרעי ברישא והדר כרבי.

We learned in the Mishnah, among those liable for performing primary categories of labor: One who sows, and one who plows. The Talmud asks: Since, after all, in terms of plowing, one plows first and only then sows, let the tanna teach first one who plows, and afterward let him teach one who sows. The Talmud answers: The tanna ordered the Mishnah based on the practice in Eretz Yisrael, where they sow first and then plow. In Eretz Yisrael, the practice was to plow a second time after sowing to cover the seeds.

תנא: הזורע, והזומר, והנוטע, והמבריך, והמרכיב ⁠— כולן מלאכה אחת הן. מאי קא משמע לן? [הא קא משמע לן] העושה מלאכות הרבה מעין מלאכה אחת אינו חייב אלא אחת. אמר רבי אחא, אמר רבי חייא בר אשי, אמר רבי אמי: זומר חייב משום נוטע, והנוטע והמבריך והמרכיב חייב משום זורע. משום זורע אין, משום נוטע לא? אימא: אף משום זורע.

A baraita is taught with regard to the prohibited labor of sowing: One who sows, and one who prunes the branches of vines to accelerate their growth, and one who plants, and one who bends the branch of a vine or a tree into the ground so that it takes root while still attached to the trunk, and one who grafts the branch of one tree onto another have all performed one type of labor, as they all stimulate plant growth. The Talmud asks: What is the baraita teaching us? The Talmud explains: This teaches us that one who unwittingly performs numerous prohibited labors subsumed under a single primary category of labor, like those listed in the baraita, is liable to bring only one sin-offering, since they are considered aspects of the same labor. R' Aḥa said that R' Ḥiyya bar Ashi said that R' Ami said: One who prunes is liable for the labor of planting. And one who plants, and one who bends, and one who grafts is liable for the labor of sowing. The Talmud is surprised at this: Is that to say that one who bends and one who grafts a branch, for sowing, yes, he is liable; for planting, no, he is not liable? These labors, performed on trees, are more similar to planting. Rather, say as follows: One is liable even for sowing, as with regard to the halakhot of Shabbat there is no difference between sowing and planting.