Study Sanhedrin folio 62B with parallel Hebrew-English text, traditional commentary, and modern study tools. Free access to Babylonian Talmud online.
Text Excerpt
הכי תנא קמיה: חומר בשבת משאר מצות, חומר בשאר מצות מבשבת. חומר בשבת – שהשבת עשה שתים בהעלם אחד, חייב על כל אחת ואחת, מה שאין כן בשאר מצות. חומר בשאר מצות – שבשאר מצות שגג בלא מתכוין חייב, מה שאין כן בשבת.
This is the baraita that R' Zakkai taught before R' Yoḥanan: There is a stringency with regard to Shabbat vis-à-vis other mitzvot, and conversely, there is a stringency with regard to other mitzvot vis-à-vis Shabbat. There is a stringency with regard to Shabbat, as with regard to Shabbat, if one performed two distinct acts of labor in one lapse of awareness, he is obligated to bring a sin-offering for each and every act, which is not so with regard to other mitzvot. Conversely, there is a stringency with regard to other mitzvot, as with regard to other mitzvot, if one sinned unwittingly, without intent to perform the act of the transgression at all, he is nevertheless obligated to bring an offering, which is not so with regard to Shabbat.
אמר מר: חומר בשבת, שהשבת עשה שתים כו׳. היכי דמי? אילימא דעבד קצירה וטחינה, דכוותה גבי שאר מצות – דאכל חלב ודם. הכא תרתי מיחייב, והכא תרתי מיחייב!
The Talmud examines this baraita in detail. The Master said: There is a stringency with regard to Shabbat, as with regard to Shabbat, if one performed two distinct acts of labor in one lapse of awareness, he is obligated to bring a sin-offering for each act. What are the circumstances? If we say that he unwittingly performed acts of reaping and grinding on Shabbat, the corresponding situation with regard to other mitzvot is a case where one unwittingly consumed forbidden fat and blood. If so, there is no difference between Shabbat and other mitzvot; here, one is obligated to bring two sin-offerings, and there, one is obligated to bring two sin-offerings.
אלא, גבי שאר מצות דאינו חייב אלא אחת, היכי דמי? דאכל חלב וחלב. דכוותה גבי שבת, דעבד קצירה וקצירה. הכא חדא מיחייב, והכא חדא מיחייב.
Rather, what are the circumstances with regard to other mitzvot where one is obligated to bring only one sin-offering? One is obligated in a case where he consumed forbidden fat and again consumed forbidden fat within one lapse of awareness. The corresponding situation with regard to Shabbat is a case where one performed an act of reaping and performed another act of reaping within one lapse of awareness. In that case too there is no difference between Shabbat and other mitzvot; here, one is obligated to bring one sin-offering, and there, one is obligated to bring one sin-offering.