Sanhedrin 62A

ואי לא קבליה עליה באלוה ⁠– לא כלום הוא. אלא לאו, מאהבה ומיראה?

And if he did not accept that person upon himself as a god, but rather bowed to the statue in order to honor the person, e.g., the king, what he did is nothing. Rather, is the baraita not referring to a case where the High Priest unwittingly worshipped an idol due to love or due to fear of someone? This proves that this is also considered idol worship.

ורבא אמר לך: לא, באומר מותר.

And Rava could have said to you in response: No, the baraita is not referring to this case, but to a case where the High Priest says to himself that idol worship is permitted.

אומר מותר, היינו העלם דבר!

The Talmud challenges: If the baraita is referring to a case where the High Priest says to himself that idol worship is permitted, this is a case of a lapse of awareness concerning the fundamental halakhot of idol worship, in which case the Rabbis concede that the High Priest is obligated to bring an offering. Therefore, what is the difference between the opinion of R' Yehuda HaNasi and that of the rabbis?

באומר מותר לגמרי. העלם דבר ⁠– קיום מקצת וביטול מקצת.

The Talmud answers: It is a case where he says to himself that idol worship is entirely permitted, whereas the case of a lapse of awareness in which the Rabbis concede to the opinion of R' Yehuda HaNasi is a case of upholding part of the prohibition and negating another part of it, i.e., a case where the High Priest recognizes that idol worship is prohibited but mistakenly assumes that certain idolatrous activities are permitted.

תני רבי זכאי קמיה דרבי יוחנן: זיבח, וקיטר, וניסך, והשתחוה בהעלם אחד ⁠– אינו חייב אלא אחת.

§ R' Zakkai taught the following baraita before R' Yoḥanan: If one sacrificed an animal as an idolatrous offering, and burned incense as an idolatrous offering, and poured a libation to an idol, and bowed to an idol, all in the course of one lapse of awareness, forgetting that these actions were prohibited, he is obligated to bring only one sin-offering; he is not obligated to bring an offering for each and every act of idol worship.