Arakhin 3A

מאי? לאתויי נשים, וכדרבי יהושע בן לוי, דאמר רבי יהושע בן לוי: נשים חייבות במקרא מגילה, שאף הן היו באותו הנס.

what? The Talmud answers: They serve to add women, and this is in accordance with the opinion of R' Yehoshua ben Levi. As R' Yehoshua ben Levi says: Women are obligated in the mitzva of reading the Megilla, as they too were participants in that miracle.

״הכל חייבין בזימון״⁠ — לאתויי מאי? לאתויי נשים ועבדים, דתניא: נשים מזמנות לעצמן, ועבדים מזמנין לעצמן.

The Talmud asks: What is added by the ruling of the baraita: Everyone is obligated to form a zimmun and recite Grace after Meals as a group? The Talmud answers: The baraita serves to add women and slaves. As it is taught in a baraita: Women form a zimmun for themselves and slaves form a zimmun for themselves.

״הכל מצטרפין לזימון״⁠ — לאתויי מאי? לאתויי קטן היודע למי מברכין, דאמר רב נחמן: יודע למי מברכין ⁠— מזמנין עליו.

The Talmud further inquires: What is added by the baraita: Everyone is included in a zimmun? This serves to add a minor who knows to Whom one recites a blessing. As Rav Naḥman says: A minor who knows to Whom one recites a blessing is included in a zimmun.

״הכל מטמאין בזיבה״⁠ — לאתויי מאי? לאתויי תינוק בן יומו, דתניא: ״איש״⁠ — מה תלמוד לומר ״איש איש״? לרבות תינוק בן יום אחד שמטמא בזיבה, דברי רבי יהודה.

§ The Talmud asks: What is added by the clause in the Mishnah (Zavim 2:1): Everyone becomes impure by means of a gonorrhea-like discharge [ziva]? This serves to add that even a day-old baby who has such a discharge becomes impure. As it is taught in a baraita: It would have been sufficient for the verse to state: A man. Why does the verse state: “When any man has an issue out of his flesh, his issue is impure” (Leviticus 15:2)? This serves to include a day-old baby who has such a discharge, to teach that even he becomes impure as one who experiences ziva. This is the statement of R' Yehuda.