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Text Excerpt
מתני׳ הכל מעריכין, ונערכין, נודרין ונידרין — כהנים, לוים וישראלים, נשים ועבדים.
Mishnah: Everyone takes vows of valuation and is thereby obligated to donate to the Temple treasury the value fixed by the Torah (see Leviticus 27:3–7) for the age and sex of the person valuated. And similarly, everyone is valuated, and therefore one who vowed to donate his fixed value is obligated to pay. Likewise, everyone vows to donate to the Temple treasury the assessment of a person, based on his market value to be sold as a slave, and is thereby obligated to pay; and everyone is the object of a vow if others vowed to donate his assessment. This includes priests, Levites and Israelites, women, and Canaanite slaves.
טומטום ואנדרוגינוס, נודרין ונידרין ומעריכין, אבל לא נערכין, שאינו נערך אלא הזכר ודאי ונקבה ודאית.
A tumtum, whose sexual organs are concealed, and a hermaphrodite [androginos], vow, and are the object of a vow, and take vows of valuation, but they are not valuated. Consequently, if one says, with regard to a tumtum: The valuation of so-and-so is incumbent upon me to donate to the Temple treasury, he is not obligated to pay anything, as only a definite male or a definite female are valuated.
חרש שוטה וקטן נידרין ונערכין, אבל לא נודרין ולא מעריכין, מפני שאין בהם דעת.
A deaf-mute, an imbecile, and a minor are the object of a vow and are valuated, but neither vow to donate the assessment of a person nor take a vow of valuation, because they lack the presumed mental competence to make a commitment.
גמ׳ ״הכל מעריכין״ — לאתויי מאי? לאתויי מופלא סמוך לאיש.
Talmud: The Talmud asks: What is added by the Mishnah’s statement: Everyone [hakol] takes vows of valuation? When a principle is stated in a Mishnah, it serves to include a particular case that it does not mention explicitly in its halakha. Which case is included by the broad statement here? The Talmud answers: The Mishnah teaches it to add a discriminating minor on the brink of adulthood [mufla samukh le’ish], i.e., during the year before a minor reaches majority.