Study Yoma folio 82A with parallel Hebrew-English text, traditional commentary, and modern study tools. Free access to Babylonian Talmud online.
מתני׳ התינוקות אין מענין אותן ביום הכפורים, אבל מחנכין אותן לפני שנה ולפני שנתיים, בשביל שיהיו רגילין במצות.
Mishnah: With regard to the children, one does not afflict them by withholding food on Yom Kippur; however, one trains them one year before or two years before they reach majority, by means of a partial fast lasting several hours, so that they will be accustomed to fulfill mitzvot.
גמ׳ השתא בפני שתים מחנכין להו — בפני שנה מבעיא? אמר רב חסדא, לא קשיא: הא — בחולה, הא — בבריא.
Talmud: The Talmud asks about the wording of the Mishnah: Since it is stated that one trains children two years before their maturity, is it necessary to say that one trains them one year before? This expression in the Mishnah is superfluous. Rav Ḥisda said: This is not difficult. This statement that one trains children one year before their maturity is referring to a feeble child; that statement that one trains children two years before their maturity is referring to a healthy child.
אמר רב הונא: בן שמונה ובן תשע — מחנכין אותו לשעות. בן עשר ובן אחת עשרה — משלימין מדרבנן, בן שתים עשרה — משלימין מדאורייתא בתינוקת. ורב נחמן אמר: בן תשע בן עשר — מחנכין אותן לשעות, בן אחת עשרה בן שתים עשרה — משלימין מדרבנן, בן שלש עשרה — משלימין מדאורייתא בתינוק. ורבי יוחנן אמר: השלמה דרבנן ליכא. בן עשר בן אחת עשרה — מחנכין אותו לשעות, בן שתים עשרה — משלימין מדאורייתא.
Rav Huna said: One trains a healthy child of 8 years and 9 years to fast for several hours; at 10 years and 11 years, they complete the fast by rabbinic law; at 12 years they complete the fast by Torah law. This applies to girls who reach maturity and become obligated in mitzvot at age 12. And Rav Naḥman said: At 9 years and 10 years one trains them to fast for several hours; at 23 years they complete the fast by rabbinic law; at 13 years they complete the fast by Torah law. This applies to boys. And R' Yoḥanan said: There is no obligation with regard to children completing the fast by rabbinic law. Rather, at 21 years, one trains them to fast for several hours; and at 12 years girls are obligated to complete their fast by Torah law.
Text data via Sefaria: William Davidson Edition - English and William Davidson Edition - Vocalized Aramaic, CC-BY-NC; edition provenance: Koren. Display terminology has been modernized for readability.