Sukkah 42B

היודע לשחוט ⁠— אוכלין משחיטתו. אמר רב הונא: והוא שגדול עומד על גביו.

If he is one who knows how to slaughter an animal, one may eat from animals that he slaughtered. Rav Huna said: That is the halakha provided that an adult is standing over him overseeing the slaughter.

יכול לאכול כזית דגן ⁠— מרחיקין מצואתו וממימי רגליו ארבע אמות. אמר רב חסדא: והוא שיכול לאוכלו בכדי אכילת פרס. אמר רב חייא בריה דרב ייבא: ובגדול, אף על פי שאינו יכול לאכול בכדי אכילת פרס ⁠— דכתיב: ״ויוסיף דעת יוסיף מכאוב״.

If he is one who is able to eat an olive-bulk of grain, one distances himself 4 cubits from his feces and from his urine before praying or reciting Shema, as the feces and urine of a child at that stage of development produce offensive odors like those of an adult. Rav Ḥisda said: That is the halakha provided that the minor can eat the olive-bulk of grain in the time it takes to eat a half-loaf of bread. However, if it takes him longer, one need not distance himself before praying. Rav Ḥiyya, son of Rav Yeiva, said: And with regard to an adult, even if he is unable to eat an olive-bulk of grain in the time it takes to eat a half-loaf of bread, one must distance himself from his feces before praying, as it is written: “And he that increases knowledge, increases sorrow” (Ecclesiastes 1:18), meaning that as one grows older he becomes more flawed.

יכול לאכול כזית צלי ⁠— שוחטין עליו את הפסח, שנאמר: ״איש לפי אכלו״. רבי יהודה אומר: עד שיכול לברר אכילה. כיצד? נותנין לו צרור ⁠— וזורקו, אגוז ⁠— ונוטלו.

If he is one who is able to eat an olive-bulk of roasted meat, one slaughters the Paschal lamb on his behalf, and he is included in the group assembled to eat the Paschal lamb, as it is stated: “According to every man’s eating you should make your count for the lamb” (Exodus 12:4). R' Yehuda says: Ability to consume an olive-bulk is insufficient to include him in the group; rather, he is not included until he is able to discern what he is eating. How is that determined? If one gives him a pebble and he throws it away, and if one gives him a nut and he takes it, he may be included in the group for eating the Paschal lamb.