Shevuot 7A

עולה ויורד ניתי ⁠– מידי דהוה אשמיעת קול ואביטוי שפתים!

one can bring a sliding-scale offering for the unwitting violation of a transgression whose intentional violation is not punishable by karet; just as is the case of a violation for “hearing the voice” (Leviticus 5:1), which is where a litigant asks a witness to testify about an event and he takes a false oath that he did not witness the event, and for taking a false oath with the “utterance of lips” (Leviticus 5:4). In both of these cases, an intentional violation is not punishable by karet, and nevertheless one is liable to bring a sliding-scale offering for an unwitting violation.

אמר קרא: ״בה״; ״בה״⁠ – למעוטי תרומה.

The Talmud answers: It cannot be referring to one who partakes of teruma while ritually impure, as the verse concerning a sliding-scale offering states: “Or if he will touch impurity of a man in any manner of his impurity through which he can become impure” (Leviticus 5:3). The verse states “through which” to exclude an impure person who partakes of teruma from liability to bring a sliding-scale offering.

אימא: ״בה״⁠ – למעוטי מקדש; דלא סגי ליה בקרבן עולה ויורד עד דמייתי קרבן קבוע!

The Talmud asks: But say the verse states “through which” to exclude one who defiles the Temple, and teaches that due to the severity of that transgression it is not sufficient for him to achieve atonement with a sliding-scale offering; rather, he will not achieve atonement until he brings a fixed sin-offering. Accordingly, no proof can be drawn from here.

קרי רבא עליה דרבי: דולה מים מבורות עמוקים.

Rava read the following verse about R' Yehuda HaNasi: “One who draws water from deep wells” (see Proverbs 20:5); this verse describes R' Yehuda HaNasi, because by delving deeply into the Bible he found a source that a sliding-scale offering atones for the unwitting defiling of sacrificial foods by partaking of them while ritually impure.