Shevuot 22A

תיפשוט דבעי רבא: ״שבועה שלא אוכל״ ואכל עפר, בכמה? תפשוט עד דאיכא כזית! כי קאמרינן ⁠– במידי דבר אכילה קאמרינן.

answer that which Rava asks with regard to one who says: On my oath I will not eat, and who then ate dirt. Rava’s question is: How much must he eat in order to be liable? Based on the Rabbis’ statement, you could answer that he is not liable unless there is an olive-bulk that he has eaten. The Talmud rejects this conclusion: When we say in the Mishnah that there are no cases where a person who eats less than a full measure is liable, we say it with regard to items that are edible.

והרי קונמות! קונמות נמי כמפרש דמי.

The Talmud asks: But aren’t konamot an example of a case where one is liable for eating even less than an olive-bulk? The Talmud answers: Konamot are also like a case where he specifies that any amount is forbidden for consumption.

אמר להן: היכן מצינו במדבר ומביא קרבן, שזה מדבר ומביא קרבן. ולא?! והרי מגדף! מדבר ואוסר קאמרינן, והאי מדבר וחוטא הוא.

§ The Mishnah teaches that R' Akiva said to the Rabbis: Where do we find one who speaks and is liable to bring an offering for it, as this oath taker merely speaks, i.e., takes an oath, and brings an offering for it? The Talmud asks: And do we not? But isn’t a blasphemer liable to bring an offering according to the opinion of R' Akiva (see Karetot 7a)? The Talmud answers: We are speaking of one who speaks and in doing so generates a prohibition. And this one, the blasphemer, is merely one who speaks and sins but does not bring an offering.

והרי נזיר! מביא קרבנו על דבורו קאמרינן, והאי מביא קרבן ⁠– לאשתרויי ליה חמרא הוא דקא מייתי.

The Talmud challenges: But doesn’t a nazirite render wine forbidden to himself through speech, by making a vow? And he does bring an offering. The Talmud answers: We are speaking of one who brings an offering specifically for his speaking, and this one, the nazirite, brings an offering at the end of his naziriteship in order to permit wine to himself.