Shabbat 60B

משלחין כלים ביום טוב בין תפורין בין שאינן תפורין ⁠— אבל לא סנדל המסומר ולא מנעל שאינו תפור ביום טוב!

One may send garments as a gift on a Festival, whether they are sewn or whether they are not sewn, because any object fit for any use on a Festival may be sent as a gift. However, one may neither send a spiked sandal nor an unsewn shoe on a Festival, since using them is prohibited. Apparently, one may not wear a spiked sandal on a Festival.

בשבת מאי טעמא ⁠— דאיכא כינופיא, ביום טוב נמי איכא כינופיא. תענית צבור איכא כינופיא, ליתסר? מעשה כי הוה בכינופיא דאיסורא, הכא כינופיא דהתירא הוה.

The Talmud explains: What is the reason that the rabbis prohibited wearing a spiked sandal on Shabbat? It is because there is an assemblage of people. On a Festival too, there is an assemblage of people. The Talmud asks: On a communal fast day, there is an assemblage of people; wearing a spiked sandal should be prohibited then, as well. The Talmud answers: When this incident occurred, it was on a day when there was an assemblage of prohibition, i.e., a day on which performing labor is prohibited. Here, a fast day, is a day when there is an assemblage of permission, a day on which performing labor is permitted, and the two are not comparable. However, extending the scope of commemorative decrees to apply to comparable situations, e.g., from Shabbat to the Festivals, is acceptable.

ואפילו לרבי חנינא בן עקיבא, דאמר: לא אסרו אלא בירדן ובספינה וכמעשה שהיה. הני מילי ירדן דשאני משאר נהרות. אבל יום טוב ושבת כי הדדי נינהו, דתנן: אין בין יום טוב לשבת אלא אוכל נפש בלבד.

And this is true even according to the opinion of R' Ḥanina ben Akiva, who said in the following case that a decree issued due to a specific set of circumstances is applied only to those specific circumstances. The ashes of the red heifer were once transported across the Jordan River in a boat. A source of ritual impurity was discovered at the bottom of the boat. The rabbis sought to issue a decree prohibiting transport of the ashes of the red heifer over any body of water, sea or river, over a bridge, or in a boat. R' Ḥanina ben Akiva said that decrees that are issued due to a specific event apply only to precisely those circumstances. Therefore, he said: They only prohibited transporting the ashes of a red heifer in the Jordan River and in a boat, and like the incident that occurred. However, even according to this approach, which limits restriction, that applies only to the Jordan River and not to other rivers. This is because it is different from other rivers in several respects, e.g., width and depth. However, a Festival and Shabbat are similar to one another, as it was taught in the Mishnah: The halakhic difference between a Festival and Shabbat is only with regard to preparation of food.