Shabbat 15A

שלמה גזר לקדשים, ואתו אינהו וגזור אף לתרומה.

Solomon and decreed impurity on hands to prohibit contact with consecrated items, and Shammai, Hillel, and their disciples came and decreed impurity on hands even to prohibit contact with teruma.

גופא, אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל: שמנה עשר גזרו ובשמנה עשר נחלקו. והתניא הושוו! בו ביום נחלקו, ולמחר הושוו.

As to the matter itself that was mentioned above in passing, Rav Yehuda said that Shmuel said: With regard to 18 matters they issued decrees that day, and with regard to those 18 matters they disagreed prior to that. The Talmud asks: Wasn’t it taught in a baraita that they reached a consensus in their opinions with regard to the 18 decrees? They answer: On that day they disagreed, and the following day, after the matter was decided in a vote, they reached a consensus in their opinions.

גופא, אמר רב הונא: בשלשה מקומות נחלקו שמאי והלל. שמאי אומר: מקב חלה. והלל אומר: מקביים. וחכמים אומרים: לא כדברי זה ולא כדברי זה, אלא קב ומחצה חייב בחלה. משהגדילו המדות, אמרו חמשת רבעים קמח חייבין בחלה. רבי יוסי אומר: חמשה פטורין, חמשה ועוד חייבין.

As to the matter itself that was mentioned above in passing, Rav Huna said: Shammai and Hillel disagreed in 3 places. The Talmud cites the disputes. One, Shammai says: From a kav of dough, one is required to separate ḥalla, the portion of the dough given to a priest. From any less than that measure there is no obligation to separate ḥalla, as that is not the measure alluded to in the verse: “The first of your dough” (Numbers 15:20), written with regard to the mitzva of separating ḥalla. And Hillel says: One must separate ḥalla only from two kav. And the Rabbis say: The halakha is neither in accordance with the statement of this one, who is stringent, nor in accordance with the statement of that one, who is lenient. Rather, 1½ kav is the measure from which one is obligated to separate ḥalla. Once the measures increased and the rabbis recalculated the volume of a kav to be greater, they said that based on the measure of the new kav, 5 quarters of a kav of flour is the measure from which one is obligated to separate ḥalla. R' Yosei says: 5 quarters are exempt; only from dough the size of 5 quarters and a bit more is one obligated to separate ḥalla.