Shabbat 130B

שלא ברצון רבי אליעזר.

contrary to the wishes of R' Eliezer. Even though the roofs and courtyards were not halakhically joined in a manner where it would be permitted to carry from one to the other, the Rabbis permitted carrying the scalpel in this manner.

מתקיף לה רב יוסף: שלא ברצון רבי אליעזר! אדרבה, רבי אליעזר הוא דשרי! וכי תימא שלא ברצון רבי אליעזר דשרי אפילו ברשות הרבים, אלא ברצון רבנן דאסרי דרך רשות הרבים, ושרו דרך גגות דרך חצירות וקרפיפות ⁠— ומי שרו? והתניא: כשם שאין מביאין אותו דרך רשות הרבים, כך אין מביאין אותו לא דרך גגות ולא דרך קרפיפות ולא דרך חצירות!

Rav Yosef strongly objects to this: Contrary to the wishes of R' Eliezer? On the contrary, it is R' Eliezer who permits this, as he permits carrying the scalpel even through the public domain. And if you say that it means contrary to the wishes of R' Eliezer, who permits carrying even in the public domain, but in accordance with the wishes of the Rabbis, who prohibited carrying via the public domain and only permitted carrying via roofs, via courtyards and enclosures, that is also difficult. And is it permitted according to the opinion of the Rabbis? Wasn’t it taught in a baraita: Just as one may not bring the circumcision knife via the public domain, so too, one may not bring it via roofs, via enclosures, or via courtyards?

אלא אמר רב אשי: שלא ברצון רבי אליעזר ומחלוקתו, אלא ברצון רבי שמעון. דתנן, רבי שמעון אומר: אחד גגות ואחד קרפיפות ואחד חצירות ⁠— כולן רשות אחד הן לכלים ששבתו בתוכן, ולא לכלים ששבתו בתוך הבית.

Rather, Rav Ashi said: It means contrary to the wishes of R' Eliezer and his disputants, but in accordance with the wishes of R' Shimon. As we learned in a Mishnah that R' Shimon says: Roofs, enclosures, and courtyards are all considered as one domain with regard to vessels that rested inside them at the beginning of Shabbat. Therefore, it is permitted to carry vessels that rested inside one to another. However, they are not considered the same domain with regard to vessels that rested inside the house at the beginning of Shabbat. If the homeowners did not join the courtyard by means of an eiruv, it is prohibited to carry vessels from their houses to the courtyard. Even if the houses in a courtyard were joined, it is prohibited to carry from the courtyard to an enclosure unless they were joined by means of an eiruv. In any case, there are circumstances in which R' Shimon allows carrying via roofs, courtyards, and enclosures.