Shabbat 124A

ידו על כתף חבירו ויד חבירו על כתיפו, ותולה ומפשיט.

his hand on the shoulder of another, and the other’s hand on his shoulder, and suspends the lamb and flays its hide.

גלוסטרא ⁠— דתנן: נגר שיש בראשו גלוסטרא, רבי יהושע אומר: שומטה מן פתח זה ותולה בחבירו בשבת. רבי טרפון אומר: הרי הוא ככל הכלים ומיטלטל בחצר.

The source for the thick end of a bolt is as we learned in a Mishnah: With regard to a bolt used in a door lock which has a thick end at the head of the bolt, R' Yehoshua says: One may drag it from this doorway and hang it in another doorway on Shabbat, but he may not move it with his hands, because it was considered to be set-aside. R' Tarfon says: It is like all the other utensils and may be moved in a courtyard.

מדוכה ⁠— הא דאמרן. אמר רבה: ממאי, דילמא לעולם אימא לך לאחר התרת כלים נשנו: קנים טעמא מאי ⁠— משום איעפושי, בהאי פורתא לא מיעפש. מקלות, אפשר כרבי אלעזר.

The case of a mortar is that which we said above. Rabba said: From what does that conclusion ensue? Perhaps, actually I could say to you that these mishnayot were taught after permission to move utensils on Shabbat was adopted, and nevertheless, the prohibitions can be understood. With regard to the rods for the showbread, what is the reason that they are used? They are used due to concern that the bread will decay. In that brief period until the conclusion of Shabbat it will not decay. With regard to poles, why may they not be used on Passover eve? It is prohibited because it is possible to flay the lamb in accordance with the opinion of R' Elazar. Use of the pole is superfluous, and therefore it is set-aside.

גלוסטרא ⁠— כדרבי ינאי, דאמר רבי ינאי: בחצר שאינה מעורבת עסקינן, רבי יהושע סבר: תוך הפתח כלפנים דמי וקמטלטל מנא דבתים בחצר. ורבי טרפון סבר: תוך הפתח כלחוץ דמי, ומנא דחצר בחצר קא מטלטל.

In the case of the thick end of the bolt in the door, why was it prohibited to move it by hand? It was prohibited in accordance with the opinion of R' Yanai, as R' Yanai says: We are dealing with a courtyard for which a joining of courtyards [eiruv] was not established. R' Yehoshua holds that inside the doorway is considered to be like inside the house, and therefore, he is moving utensils of the houses in the courtyard. Since there is no joining of the courtyards, one may not move a vessel from the house to the courtyard. And R' Tarfon holds that inside the doorway is considered to be like outside the house, and therefore, he is moving utensils of the courtyard in the courtyard, which is permitted.