Sanhedrin 79B

נתינה למעלה: מה להלן ממון, אף כאן ממון.

giving above: “He should be punished, as the husband of the woman should impose upon him, and he should give as the judges determine” (Exodus 21:22). Just as there, in the phrase: “Give as the judges determine,” the reference is to monetary restitution, so too here, in the phrase: “Give a life for a life,” the reference is to monetary restitution.

אמר רבא: האי דתנא דבי חזקיה מפקא מדרבי, ומפקא מדרבנן. דתנא דבי חזקיה: ״מכה אדם״ ו״מכה בהמה״.

Rava says: That which the school of Ḥizkiyya taught diverges from the statement of R' Yehuda HaNasi, and diverges from the statement of the Rabbis. The school of Ḥizkiyya holds that in the case where one intended to kill one individual and killed another individual, he is exempt from both liability to be executed, counter to the opinion of the Rabbis, and from the obligation to pay monetary restitution. As the school of Ḥizkiyya taught: The verse states: “And he who kills an animal should pay for it, and he who kills a man should be put to death” (Leviticus 24:21), indicating that one who kills a man and one who kills an animal are comparable.

מה מכה בהמה לא חלקת בה בין שוגג למזיד, בין מתכוין לשאינו מתכוין, בין דרך ירידה לדרך עלייה ⁠– לפוטרו ממון אלא לחייבו ממון. אף מכה אדם לא תחלוק בו בין שוגג למזיד, בין מתכוין לשאין מתכוין, בין דרך ירידה לדרך עלייה ⁠– לחייבו ממון אלא לפוטרו ממון.

This teaches that just as with regard to one who kills an animal, the Torah did not differentiate between whether he does so unwittingly or intentionally, whether he acts with intent or with no intent, or whether he strikes in the course of a downward motion or in the course of an upward motion, and this is not to exempt him from paying monetary restitution in all these cases but rather to render him liable to pay monetary restitution, as one who kills an animal is liable in any event; similarly, with regard to one who kills a person, do not differentiate concerning him whether he does so unwittingly or unintentionally, whether he acts with intent or with no intent, or whether he strikes in the course of a downward motion or in the course of an upward motion, and this is not to render him liable to pay monetary restitution for the damage he causes in the process of killing him but rather to exempt him from paying monetary restitution in any event.