Sanhedrin 74A

רב פפא אמר: במפותה, ודברי הכל.

Rav Pappa says: The ruling of the Mishnah, which lists his sister among those for whom he must pay a fine, is stated with regard to a young woman who was seduced, and in the case of seduction all agree that the woman is not saved at the cost of the seducer’s life, as the sex was consensual.

אביי אמר: ביכול להציל באחד מאבריו, ורבי יונתן בן שאול היא. דתניא: רבי יונתן בן שאול אומר, רודף שהיה רודף אחר חבירו להורגו, ויכול להצילו באחד מאבריו ולא הציל ⁠– נהרג עליו.

Abaye says: The ruling of the Mishnah is stated with regard to a young woman who was raped in a case where one was able to save her by injuring the pursuer in one of his limbs, so that it was not necessary to kill him in order to achieve her rescue, and it is in accordance with the opinion of R' Yonatan ben Shaul. As it is taught in a baraita: R' Yonatan ben Shaul says: If a pursuer was pursuing another to kill him, and one was able to save the pursued party without killing the pursuer, but instead by injuring him in one of his limbs, but he did not save him in this manner and rather chose to kill him, he is executed on his account as a murderer.

מאי טעמא דרבי יונתן בן שאול? דכתיב: ״וכי ינצו אנשים (יחדו) וגו׳״. ואמר רבי אלעזר: במצות שבמיתה הכתוב מדבר, דכתיב: ״ואם אסון יהיה ונתתה נפש תחת נפש״. ואפילו הכי אמר רחמנא: ״ולא יהיה אסון ענוש יענש״.

The Talmud explains: What is the reason of R' Yonatan ben Shaul? As it is written: “If men strive and strike a woman with child, so that her fruit departs, and yet no further harm ensues, he should be punished, according to the demands that the woman’s husband makes on him; and he should pay it as the judges determine” (Exodus 21:22). And concerning this R' Elazar says: The verse is speaking of striving to kill, where each man was trying to kill the other. The proof is that it is written: “But if any harm ensues, then you should give life for life” (Exodus 21:23), and if there was no intention to kill, why should he be executed? And even so, God states: “And yet no further harm ensues, he should be punished,” teaching that he must pay the monetary value of the fetus to the woman’s husband.