Sanhedrin 54B

עונש שמענו, אזהרה מניין? תלמוד לומר: ״ואת זכר לא תשכב משכבי אשה תועבה היא״.

We have learned the punishment for homosexual sex, but from where is the prohibition derived? The verse states: “And you should not lie with a male as with a woman; it is an abomination” (Leviticus 18:22).

למדנו אזהרה לשוכב. אזהרה לנשכב מניין? תלמוד לומר: ״לא יהיה קדש מבני ישראל״. ואומר: ״וגם קדש היה בארץ עשו ככל התועבת הגוים אשר הוריש וגו׳״. דברי רבי ישמעאל.

We have learned from here the prohibition for the one who engages in homosexual sex actively. From where do we derive the prohibition for one who engages in homosexual sex passively? The verse states: “There should not be a sodomite [kadesh] among the children of Israel” (Deuteronomy 23:18). And another verse, cited to clarify the meaning of the term kadesh, states: “And there were also sodomites [kadesh] in the land, they did according to all the abominations of the nations which YHWH drove out before the children of Israel” (I Kings 14:24). This is the statement of R' Yishmael.

רבי עקיבא אומר: אינו צריך, הרי הוא אומר ״ואת זכר לא תשכב משכבי אשה״. קרי ביה ״לא תשכב״.

R' Akiva says: It is not necessary to derive this halakha from the verse: “There should not be a sodomite.” Rather, it says: “And you should not lie [tishkav] with a male as with a woman.” Read into the verse: You should not enable your being lain with [tishakhev] by a male.

בהמה מנא לן? דתנו רבנן: ״איש״⁠ – פרט לקטן, ״אשר יתן שכבתו בבהמה״⁠ – בין גדולה בין קטנה.

§ The Talmud asks: From where do we derive that one who has sex with an animal is liable to receive capital punishment? It is as A baraita states: “And if a man lies with an animal, he should be put to death, and you should kill the animal” (Leviticus 20:15). The word “man” excludes a minor boy. The phrase “lies with an animal” is referring to any animal, whether old or young.