Sanhedrin 39B

״ובגוים לא יתחשב״.

“It is a people that should reside alone, and should not be reckoned among the nations” (Numbers 23:9), teaching that where the verse mentions “the nations,” the Jewish people are not included.

רבי אלעזר רמי: כתיב ״טוב ה׳ לכל״, וכתיב ״טוב ה׳ לקוויו״. משל לאדם שיש לו פרדס: כשהוא משקה ⁠– משקה את כולו, כשהוא עודר ⁠– אינו עודר אלא טובים שבהם.

The Talmud cites a related statement: R' Elazar raises a contradiction: It is written in one verse: “YHWH is good to all and His compassion is over all His works” (Psalms 145:9), and it is written in a different verse: “YHWH is good to those who wait for Him, to the soul that seeks Him” (Lamentations 3:25). He explains: This can be compared to a person who has an orchard. When he waters it, he waters all of it. Perforce, the water reaches all parts of the orchard, and he cannot discriminate between trees. This is the meaning of the verse: “YHWH is good to all.” By contrast, when he hoes around the trees, he hoes only around the good trees among them. Similarly, when God bestows goodness to the world, all receive it. When He protects people from harm, not all are protected.

לפיכך כל אחד ואחד כו׳. ״ויעבר הרנה במחנה״. אמר רבי אחא בר חנינא: ״באבד רשעים רנה״⁠ – באבוד אחאב בן עמרי רנה.

§ The Mishnah teaches: Therefore, since all humanity descends from one person, each and every person is obligated to say: The world was created for me. The Mishnah then teaches that the court says to the witnesses: And perhaps you will say: Why would we want to be responsible for the blood of this person? But be aware, as is it not already stated: “When the wicked perish, there is song” (Proverbs 11:10)? The Talmud teaches: A separate verse relates that after the evil king Ahab was killed: “And the song went throughout the camp” (I Kings 22:36). R' Aḥa bar Ḥanina says: The fact that the verse states “the song,” and not a song, indicates that it is referring to a song mentioned elsewhere. Accordingly, the verse: “When the wicked perish, there is song,” alludes to this episode: When Ahab ben Omri perished, there was song.