Sanhedrin 35A

וכתיב: ״ותקח רצפה בת איה את השק ותטהו לה אל הצור בתחלת קציר״.

And it is written: “And Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, took sackcloth and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water was poured upon them from heaven; and she suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the animals of the field by night” (II Samuel 21:10). It is clear from this verse that the bodies of the children of Saul remained exposed outdoors; presumably, they were hung.

וכתיב: ״ויאמר ה׳ אל משה קח את כל ראשי העם״. אם העם חטאו, ראשי העם מה חטאו?

The Talmud discusses the incident of the Israelites who worshipped the idol of Peor in the wilderness. And it is written: “And YHWH said to Moses: Take all the chiefs of the people, and hang them to YHWH facing the sun, that the fierce anger of YHWH may turn away from Israel” (Numbers 25:4). The Talmud asks: If the nation transgressed, in what manner did the chiefs of the people transgress? The verse does not record a transgression of the chiefs, so why were they punished?

אמר רב יהודה אמר רב: אמר לו הקדוש ברוך הוא למשה, חלק להם בתי דינין. מאי טעמא? אילימא משום שאין דנין שנים ביום אחד? והאמר רב חסדא: לא שנו אלא בשתי מיתות, אבל במיתה אחת דנין!

Rav Yehuda says that Rav says: The reason for selecting the chiefs of the tribes was not to punish them. Rather, God said to Moses: Apportion courts for the chiefs of the tribes, and each court will judge and punish the transgressors of its tribe. The Talmud asks: What is the reason that multiple courts were needed for this? If we say that it is due to the principle that a court does not judge two cases of capital law in one day, and there were many cases to be judged, that cannot be the reason. But doesn’t Rav Ḥisda say: This principle was taught only with regard to two different types of death imposed by a court, as each case needs sufficient time to be fully investigated on its own merits. But the court does judge multiple cases of one type of death, i.e., one transgression, on the same day.