Keritot 5A

כתב רחמנא: ״לא תוכל״, לאוקמה בלאו.

reason that God writes: “You may not eat” (Deuteronomy 12:17), to establish the consumption of second-tithe produce outside Jerusalem as a prohibition.

ועדיין, לאו שבכללות הוא! אם כן, נימא קרא: ״לא תוכל לאכלם בשעריך״, ״מעשר דגנך תירשך ויצהרך״ למה לי? ליחודי אכילה דכל חד וחד.

The Talmud challenges: But still, it is a general prohibition, as all 3 types of second tithe are included in a single command. The Talmud explains: If so, that one receives only one set of lashes, let the verse say: You may not eat them within your gates, as a previous verse already stated “your tithes” (Deuteronomy 12:11). Why do I need the verse to specify: “The tithe of your grain, of your wine, and of your oil”? This serves to designate a prohibition and the punishment of lashes for the consumption of each and every type of produce.

אמר רבי יצחק: האוכל לחם, קלי, וכרמל ⁠– לוקה שלש. והא אין לוקין על לאו שבכללות! שאני הכא דמייתר קראי –

§ R' Yitzḥak says: One who eats bread, parched grain, and fresh stalks before the omer offering has been sacrificed is flogged with 3 sets of lashes, as it states: “And you should eat neither bread, nor parched grain, nor fresh stalks until this day itself, until you have brought the offering of your God; it is a statute forever throughout your generations in all your dwellings” (Leviticus 23:14). The Talmud raises a difficulty: But one is not flogged for transgressing a general prohibition. The Talmud answers: It is different here, as the verses are superfluous; the verse did not need to specify these 3 types of grain products.

לימא קרא לחם, ונילף קלי וכרמל מיניה. איכא למיפרך: מה ללחם, שכן נתרבה אצל חלה!

The Talmud tries to ascertain which terms are superfluous. Let the verse say “bread,” and we will derive the halakha of parched grain and fresh stalks from that of bread. The Talmud questions this suggestion: This derivation can be refuted: What is unique about bread? It is unique in that it has an increased obligation with regard to ḥalla, which is separated only from the dough of bread, not from parched grain and fresh stalks not made into dough.