Study Horayot folio 13A with parallel Hebrew-English text, traditional commentary, and modern study tools. Free access to Babylonian Talmud online.
Text Excerpt
פר כהן משוח ופר עדה כו׳. מנא הני מילי? דתנו רבנן: ״ושרף אותו כאשר שרף את הפר הראשון״, מה תלמוד לומר ״הראשון״? שיהא ראשון, קודם לפר העדה בכל מעשיו.
§ The Mishnah teaches: If the bull of the anointed priest and the bull of the congregation, which are brought for absence of awareness of the matter, are pending, the bull of the anointed priest precedes the bull of the congregation in all its actions. The Talmud asks: From where are these matters derived? It is as A baraita states: “And he should burn it as he burned the first bull” (Leviticus 4:21). Why must the verse state “the first”? The verse could simply state that he should burn it as he burned the bull. It is in order to establish that the first offering precedes the bull of the congregation in all its actions.
תנו רבנן: פר כהן משיח ופר העדה עומדים – פר כהן משיח קודם לפר העדה בכל מעשיו. הואיל ומשיח מכפר, ועדה מתכפרת – דין הוא שיקדים המכפר למתכפר, וכן הוא אומר: ״וכפר בעדו ובעד ביתו ובעד כל קהל ישראל״.
A baraita states: If the bull of the anointed priest and the bull of the congregation are pending, the bull of the anointed priest precedes the bull of the congregation in all its actions. Since the anointed priest atones for the entire Jewish people, and the congregation gains atonement, it is logical that the one who atones will precede the one who gains atonement. And so the verse states: “And he should atone for himself, and for his household, and for all the congregation of Israel” (Leviticus 16:17).
פר העלם דבר של צבור קודם לפר של עבודה זרה. מאי טעמא? האי חטאת והאי עולה, ותניא: ״והקריב את אשר לחטאת ראשונה״, מה תלמוד לומר? אם ללמד שתהא חטאת ראשונה, הרי כבר נאמר: ״ואת השני יעשה עולה כמשפט״! אלא זה בנה אב שיהו כל חטאות קודמות לעולות הבאים עמהם, וקיימא לן דאפילו חטאת העוף קודמת לעולת בהמה.
The baraita continues: A bull for an unwitting communal sin precedes a bull for idol worship. What is the reason for this halakha? This, i.e., the bull for an unwitting communal sin, is a sin-offering, and that, i.e., the bull for idol worship, is a burnt-offering, and it is taught in a baraita: “And he should sacrifice that which is for the sin-offering first” (Leviticus 5:8); why must the verse state this? If it is to teach that the sin-offering will be first, it is already stated: “And the second he should prepare as a burnt-offering according to the ordinance” (Leviticus 5:10). Rather, this established a paradigm from which all similar cases may be derived, teaching that all sin-offerings precede the burnt-offerings that accompany them, and we maintain that even bird sin-offerings precede animal burnt-offerings.