Horayot 11A

הוא דלא, הא צעורי צערינהו. ואילו צעירה דקריתיה ״בן עמי״, אמר ליה: ״אל תצרם ואל תתגר בם״, כלל, אפילו צעורי לא.

that one may not contend with them, but it is permitted to harass them. While concerning the offspring of the younger daughter, who called her son ben Ami, son of my people, avoiding any direct mention of the baby’s father, God said to Moses: “Neither harass them, nor contend with them” (Deuteronomy 2:19), at all. Even to harass them is not permitted.

אמר רבי חייא בר אבין אמר רבי יהושע בן קרחה: לעולם יקדים אדם לדבר מצוה, שבשכר לילה אחת שקדמה בכירה לצעירה, זכתה וקדמתה ארבע דורות למלכות.

R' Ḥiyya bar Avin says that R' Yehoshua ben Korḥa says: A person should always be first to perform a matter of a mitzva, as in reward for one night that the elder daughter preceded the younger daughter, she merited and preceded her to royalty by 4 generations. Ruth the Moabite, ancestor of King David, descended from her son Moab, and she preceded Naamah the Ammonite, who was married to King Solomon, by 4 generations.

תנו רבנן: ״מעם הארץ״⁠ – פרט למשיח. ״מעם הארץ״⁠ – פרט לנשיא,

§ A baraita states: The verse states: “And if one soul from among the common people sins unwittingly in performing one of the mitzvot of God that may not be done and he is guilty” (Leviticus 4:27). The phrase “from among the common people” serves to exclude the anointed priest; the phrase “from among the common people” also serves to exclude the king.

והלא כבר יצאו משיח לידון בפר, נשיא לידון בשעיר! שיכול: משיח על העלם דבר עם שגגת מעשה מביא פר, על שגגת מעשה לחודיה מביא כשבה ושעירה? תלמוד לומר: ״מעם הארץ״⁠ – פרט למשיח. ״מעם הארץ״⁠ – פרט לנשיא.

The baraita continues: But weren’t these individuals already excluded from bringing a ewe or a female goat as a sin-offering, as an anointed priest is subject to atonement with a bull, and a king is subject to atonement with a male goat? Why then is an additional exclusionary derivation necessary? The baraita answers: The derivation is necessary, as one might have thought that an anointed priest brings a bull for absence of awareness of the matter together with the unwitting performance of an action, but that he brings a ewe or a female goat, as does a non-priest, for the unwitting performance of an action alone. Therefore, the verse states: “From among the common people,” which serves to exclude the anointed priest, who is completely exempt from bringing a sin-offering for an unwitting transgression unless it was committed on the basis of his own erroneous ruling. The baraita concludes: The phrase “from among the common people” serves to exclude the king.