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Text Excerpt
עד שיהו בתים וחצירות פתוחין לתוכו. ושמואל אמר: אפילו בית אחד וחצר אחת. ורבי יוחנן אמר: אפילו חורבה.
unless there are houses and courtyards opening into it. This formulation implies that there must be at least two courtyards, each of which contains at least two houses. In the absence of these conditions, however, it is not considered an alleyway that can be permitted by means of a side post or a cross beam. And Shmuel said: Even one house without a courtyard and one courtyard with just one house is enough. And R' Yoḥanan said: Even a ruin and a courtyard with a house suffice for a side post or a cross beam to render carrying in an alleyway permitted.
אמר ליה אביי לרב יוסף: אמר רבי יוחנן אפילו בשביל של כרמים? אמר ליה: לא אמר רבי יוחנן אלא בחורבה, דחזי לדירה. אבל שביל של כרמים, דלא חזי לדירה — לא.
Abaye said to Rav Yosef: Did R' Yoḥanan say that even a vineyard path and a courtyard with a house suffice to allow a side post or a cross beam to render carrying in the alleyway permitted? He said to him: R' Yoḥanan said his ruling only in the case of a ruin, which is fit to serve as a residence. However, a vineyard path, which is not fit to serve as a residence, is not sufficient.
אמר רב הונא בר חיננא: ואזדא רבי יוחנן לטעמיה, דתנן (אמר רבי שמעון): אחד גגות ואחד קרפיפות ואחד חצרות — רשות אחת הן לכלים ששבתו לתוכן, ולא לכלים ששבתו בתוך הבית.
Rav Huna bar Ḥinnana said: And R' Yoḥanan followed his regular line of reasoning in this regard, as we learned in a Mishnah that R' Shimon said: Roofs, enclosures, and courtyards are all considered one domain with regard to vessels that rested inside them at the beginning of Shabbat. Therefore, it is permitted to carry vessels that were in one of these areas at the beginning of Shabbat to any of the other areas. However, they are not considered the same domain with regard to vessels that rested inside the house at the beginning of Shabbat. If the homeowners did not join the courtyard by means of an eiruv, it is prohibited to carry vessels from their houses to the roof, enclosure, or courtyard.