Berakhot 62B

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תניא, בן עזאי אומר: על כל משכב שכב, חוץ מן הקרקע. על כל מושב שב, חוץ מן הקורה. אמר שמואל: שינה בעמוד השחר כאסטמא לפרזלא. יציאה בעמוד השחר כאסטמא לפרזלא.

Continuing with the subject of health, it was taught in a baraita: Ben Azzai says: On all beds, lie, except for the ground. On all seats, sit, except for a beam, lest you fall off. Shmuel said: Sleeping at dawn is as effective as forging [istema] is to iron. A bowel movement at dawn is as beneficial as forging is to iron.

בר קפרא הוה מזבן מילי בדינרי: עד דכפנת ⁠— אכול. עד דצחית ⁠— שתי, עד דרתחא קדרך ⁠— שפוך. קרנא קריא ברומי, בר מזבין תאני, תאני דאבוך זבין.

Similarly, the Talmud relates: Bar Kappara would sell sayings for dinars; he would express his ideas in brief maxims. For example: If you are hungry, eat; do not delay eating, as the hunger may pass and your food will be of no benefit. So too, if you are thirsty, drink; while the pot is still boiling, pour it out before it cools off. This is a metaphor for relieving oneself. Bar Kappara also said: When the horn is sounded in Rome, signifying that there is demand for figs in the Roman market, son of a fig seller, sell your father’s figs, even without his permission, so as not to miss the opportunity.

אמר להו אביי לרבנן: כי עייליתו בשבילי דמחוזא למיפק ביה בחקלא, לא תחזו לא להך גיסא ולא להך גיסא, דלמא יתבי נשי, ולאו אורח ארעא לאסתכולי בהו.

Abaye said to the rabbis: When you enter the paths of the city of Meḥoza in order to go out and defecate in a field, look neither to one side nor to the other, as perhaps women are sitting there and it is improper to look at them.

רב ספרא על לבית הכסא. אתא רבי אבא, נחר ליה אבבא. אמר ליה: ליעול מר. בתר דנפק אמר ליה: עד השתא לא עיילת לשעיר, וגמרת לך מילי דשעיר! לאו הכי תנן: מדורה היתה שם ובית הכסא של כבוד. וזה היה כבודו: מצאו נעול ⁠— בידוע שיש שם אדם, מצאו פתוח ⁠— בידוע שאין שם אדם. אלמא לאו אורח ארעא הוא!

The Talmud relates: Rav Safra once entered a latrine, when R' Abba came along. To determine if he could enter, R' Abba coughed next to the door. Rav Safra said to him: Enter, master. When he came out, R' Abba said to him: Until now, you never entered Seir, the land of the Edomites, who are not strict in their practice of modesty, and yet you already learned the customs of Seir? Didn’t we learn in the Mishnah concerning the Temple: There was a fire next to the mikveh, and a latrine of honor. And this was its honor: If one found it locked, it was known that someone was inside; if he found it open, it was known that no one was inside. Speaking in the latrine is not a desired mode of behavior.

Text data via Sefaria: William Davidson Edition - English and William Davidson Edition - Vocalized Aramaic, CC-BY-NC; edition provenance: Koren. Display terminology has been modernized for readability.