Berakhot 5A

אם תלמיד חכם הוא ⁠— אין צריך. אמר אביי: אף תלמיד חכם מיבעי ליה למימר חד פסוקא דרחמי, כגון: ״בידך אפקיד רוחי, פדיתה אותי ה׳ אל אמת״.

If one is a Torah scholar, he need not recite Shema on his bed since he is always engaged in the study of Torah and will likely fall asleep engrossed in matters of Torah. Abaye said: Even a Torah scholar must recite at least one verse of prayer, such as: “Into Your hand I trust my spirit; You have redeemed me, YHWH, God of truth” (Psalms 31:6).

אמר רבי לוי בר חמא, אמר רבי שמעון בן לקיש: לעולם ירגיז אדם יצר טוב על יצר הרע, שנאמר: ״רגזו ואל תחטאו״ אם נצחו ⁠— מוטב, ואם לאו ⁠— יעסוק בתורה, שנאמר: ״אמרו בלבבכם״. אם נצחו ⁠— מוטב, ואם לאו ⁠— יקרא קריאת שמע, שנאמר: ״על משכבכם״. אם נצחו ⁠— מוטב, ואם לאו ⁠— יזכור לו יום המיתה, שנאמר: ״ודמו סלה״.

Incidental to the verse, “Tremble, and do not sin,” the Talmud mentions that R' Levi bar Ḥama said that R' Shimon ben Lakish said: One should always incite his good inclination against his evil inclination, i.e., that one must constantly struggle so that his evil inclination does not lead him to transgression, as it is stated: "Tremble, and do not sin." If one succeeds and subdues his evil inclination, excellent, but if he does not succeed in subduing it, he should study Torah, as alluded to in the verse: “Say to your heart.” If he subdues his evil inclination, excellent; if not, he should recite Shema, which contains the acceptance of the yoke of God, and the concept of reward and punishment, as it is stated in the verse: “Upon your bed,” which alludes to Shema, where it says: “When you lie down.” If he subdues his evil inclination, excellent; if not, he should remind himself of the day of death, whose silence is alluded to in the continuation of the verse: “And be still, Selah.”

ואמר רבי לוי בר חמא, אמר רבי שמעון בן לקיש, מאי דכתיב ״ואתנה לך את לחת האבן והתורה והמצוה אשר כתבתי להורתם״. ״לחת״⁠ — אלו עשרת הדברות, ״תורה״⁠ — זה מקרא, ״והמצוה״⁠ — זו משנה, ״אשר כתבתי״⁠ — אלו נביאים וכתובים, ״להורותם״⁠ — זה תלמוד, מלמד שכולם נתנו למשה מסיני.

And R' Levi bar Ḥama said that R' Shimon ben Lakish said: God said to Moses, “Ascend to Me on the mountain and be there, and I will give you the stone tablets and the Torah and the mitzva that I have written that you may teach them” (Exodus 24:12), meaning that God revealed to Moses not only the Written Torah, but all of Torah, as it would be transmitted through the generations. The “tablets” are the 10 commandments that were written on the tablets of the Covenant, the “Torah” is the 5 books of Moses. The “mitzva” is the Mishnah, which includes explanations for the mitzvot and how they are to be performed. “That I have written” refers to the Prophets and Writings, written with Holy Spirit. “That you may teach them” refers to the Talmud, which explains the Mishnah. These explanations are the foundation for the rulings of practical halakha. This verse teaches that all aspects of Torah were given to Moses from Sinai.