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Text Excerpt
טבל עמהם אלא בציר, ולא אכל עמהם אלא גרוגרת אחת — מצטרף. ולהוציא את הרבים ידי חובתם — אינו מוציא עד שיאכל כזית דגן. אמר רב חנא בר יהודה משמיה דרבא: הלכתא, אכל עלה ירק ושתה כוס של יין — מצטרף. להוציא — אינו מוציא עד שיאכל כזית דגן.
dipped with them a small bit of food in brine and ate with them only a single dry fig, he joins them. And to satisfy the obligation of the many, he does not satisfy their obligation until he eats an olive-bulk of grain. R' Ḥana bar Yehuda said in the name of Rava that the halakha is: If one ate a vegetable leaf and drank a cup of wine, he joins the diners. However, to satisfy the obligation of others, he does not satisfy their obligation until he eats an olive-bulk of grain.
אמר רב נחמן: משה תקן לישראל ברכת ״הזן״ בשעה שירד להם מן. יהושע תקן להם ברכת הארץ כיון שנכנסו לארץ. דוד ושלמה תקנו ״בונה ירושלים״. דוד תקן ״על ישראל עמך ועל ירושלים עירך״, ושלמה תקן ״על הבית הגדול והקדוש״. ״הטוב והמטיב״ ביבנה תקנוה כנגד הרוגי ביתר. דאמר רב מתנא: אותו היום שניתנו הרוגי ביתר לקבורה תקנו ביבנה ״הטוב והמטיב״. ״הטוב״ — שלא הסריחו, ״והמטיב״ — שניתנו לקבורה.
With regard to the origins of the 4 blessings of Grace after Meals, Rav Naḥman said: Moses instituted for Israel the first blessing of: Who feeds all, when the manna descended for them and they needed to thank God. Joshua instituted the blessing of the land when they entered Eretz Yisrael. David and Solomon instituted the third blessing: Who builds Jerusalem, in the following manner: David instituted “…on Israel Your people and on Jerusalem Your city…” as he conquered the city, and Solomon instituted “…on the great and Holy Temple…” as he was the one who built the Temple. They instituted the blessing: Who is good and does good, at Yavne in reference to the slain Jews of the city of Beitar at the culmination of the bar Kokheva rebellion. They were ultimately brought to burial after a period during which Hadrian refused to permit their burial. As Rav Mattana said: On the same day that the slain of Beitar were brought to burial, they instituted the blessing: Who is good and does good, at Yavne. Who is good, thanking God that the corpses did not decompose while awaiting burial, and does good, thanking God that they were ultimately brought to burial.