Bava Metzia 60B

משום דקא מרווח לתרעא:

The Talmud explains: It is due to the fact that by lowering the price he eases the market rate, i.e., his actions lead to the establishment of a lower market price.

ולא יבור את הגריסין, דברי אבא שאול. וחכמים מתירין וכו׳. מאן חכמים? רבי אחא, דתניא: רבי אחא מתיר בדבר הנראה.

The Mishnah teaches: And one may not sift ground beans to remove the waste and charge a higher price; this is the statement of Abba Shaul. And the Rabbis permit doing so. The Talmud comments: Who are the Rabbis whose opinion is cited in the Mishnah? It is R' Aḥa, as it is taught in a baraita: R' Aḥa permits mixing, and sifting, and the like, in the case of an item in which the change is obvious.

אין מפרכסין, לא את האדם וכו׳ ולא את הכלים. תנו רבנן: אין משרבטין את הבהמה, ואין נופחין בקרביים, ואין שורין את הבשר במים. מאי אין משרבטין? הכא תרגמו: מיא דחיזרא. זעירי אמר רב כהנא: מזקפתא.

The Mishnah taught: One may neither adorn a person, nor an animal, nor vessels. A baraita states: One may neither stiffen the hair of an animal to create the impression that it is more voluminous than it is, nor inflate innards sold as meat to create the impression that it is a more substantial piece of meat, nor soak meat in water in order to change its color and create the impression that it is a choice cut. The Talmud asks: What is the meaning of: One may not stiffen the hair of an animal? Here, in Babylonia, they explained that it means to feed the animal bran water, which inflates its intestines and causes its hair to stand on end. Ze’eiri said in the name of Rav Kahana: It means scrubbing the hair clean to increase its volume.

שמואל שרא למרמא תומי לסרבלא. רב יהודה שרא לכסכוסי קרמי. רבה שרא למידק (צרדי) [צדרי]. רבא שרא לצלומי גירי. רב פפא בר שמואל שרא לצלומי דיקולי. והא אנן תנן: אין מפרכסין לא את האדם, ולא את הבהמה, ולא את הכלים! לא קשיא: הא בחדתי, הא בעתיקי.

The Talmud relates: Shmuel permitted sellers to place fringes on a cloak; Rav Yehuda permitted them to clean and adorn ornamented garments; Rabba permitted them to taper linen garments to cause them to appear more fine; Rava permitted them to draw arrows to ornament garments; Rav Pappa bar Shmuel permitted them to draw baskets for ornamentation. The Talmud asks: But didn’t we learn in the Mishnah: One may neither adorn a person, nor an animal, nor vessels? The Talmud answers: This is not difficult, as this series of cases, where the rabbis permitted adorning merchandise, are cases of new merchandise. It may be decorated, as doing so merely enhances its intrinsic beauty. That ruling in the Mishnah, according to which adornment is prohibited, is referring to cases of old merchandise, as the adornment is meant to conceal its flaws.