Bava Kamma 61B

באגני דארעא מקרו.

are simply called pools of the land, and are not considered significant enough to divide the field.

מתני׳ המדליק בתוך שלו, עד כמה תעבור הדליקה? רבי אלעזר בן עזריה אומר: רואין אותו כאילו הוא באמצע בית כור. רבי אליעזר אומר: שש עשרה אמות, כדרך רשות הרבים. רבי עקיבא אומר: חמשים אמה. רבי שמעון אומר: ״שלם ישלם המבער את הבערה״⁠ – הכל לפי הדליקה.

Mishnah: In a case of one who kindles a fire on his own premises, up to what distance may the fire travel within his property for him to still bear liability for damage caused? R' Elazar ben Azaria says: The court views his location where he kindled the fire as if it were in the center of a beit kor. Therefore, if the fire spreads and causes damage farther away than half a beit kor, the one who kindled the fire is exempt, since he could not anticipate that the fire would spread so far. R' Eliezer says: One is liable up to a distance of 16 cubits, like the width of a public thoroughfare. R' Akiva says: One is liable up to a distance of 50 cubits. R' Shimon says: The verse states: “The one who kindled the fire should pay [shallem yeshallem] compensation” (Exodus 22:5), to teach that everything is according to the fire.

גמ׳ ולית ליה לרבי שמעון שיעורא בדליקה?

Talmud: R' Shimon appears to hold that there is no maximum distance which would exempt one from liability for the spreading of a fire. The Talmud asks: But isn’t R' Shimon of the opinion that there is a maximum limit concerning liability for a fire, beyond which one is exempt?

והתנן: לא יעמיד אדם תנור בתוך הבית, אלא אם כן יש על גבו גובה דארבע אמות. היה מעמידו בעלייה ⁠– עד שיהא תחתיו מעזיבה שלשה טפחים. ובכירה ⁠– טפח. ואם הזיק ⁠– משלם מה שהזיק.

But didn’t we learn in a Mishnah (Bava Batra 20b): A person may not stand an oven inside the house unless there is a height of 4 cubits to the ceiling above it, out of concern that the ceiling might catch fire. Similarly, if he stood it in the attic, he should not do so unless there is plaster [ma’aziva] underneath it, above the ceiling of the floor below, 3 handbreadths in thickness, out of concern that the floor might catch fire. And in the case of a stove, which is smaller and does not reach temperatures as high as those of an oven, a thickness of one handbreadth is sufficient. And even though he may place his oven or stove in this manner, if the fire from the oven or stove causes damage, he must pay for what it damaged.