Bava Kamma 29A

פטור מדיני אדם, וחייב בדיני שמים.

he is exempt according to human laws but liable according to the laws of Heaven.

ומודים חכמים לרבי מאיר, באבנו סכינו ומשאו שהניחן בראש גגו, ונפלו ברוח מצויה והזיקו ⁠– שהוא חייב. ומודה רבי מאיר לרבנן, במעלה קנקנין על הגג על מנת לנגבן, ונפלו ברוח שאינה מצויה והזיקו ⁠– שהוא פטור.

The Talmud comments: And the Rabbis concede to the opinion of R' Meir in the cases of one’s stone, one’s knife, or one’s load, that if he placed them on top of his roof and they fell as a result of being blown off by a typical wind, i.e., one of ordinary force, and they caused damage, that he is liable. And R' Meir concedes to the opinion of the Rabbis in the case of one who puts pitchers [kankanin] on the roof in order to dry them, and they fell as a result of being blown off by an atypical wind, i.e., one of unusual force, and they caused damage, that he is exempt. Evidently, even R' Meir concedes that if one’s property causes damage due to circumstances completely beyond his control, he is exempt.

אלא אמר אביי: בתרתי פליגי; פליגי בשעת נפילה, ופליגי לאחר נפילה.

Accordingly, Abaye rejects Rabba’s explanation of R' Yehuda’s statement, that he deems the owner of the jug liable even if he merely attempted to take it off his shoulder and it broke, and offers another explanation. Rather, Abaye said that R' Meir and R' Yehuda disagree with regard to two different situations. They disagree with regard to a situation where the damage was caused at the time of the person’s fall, and they disagree with regard to a situation where the damage was caused after the person’s fall.

פליגי בשעת נפילה ⁠– בנתקל פושע. מר סבר: נתקל פושע הוא, ומר סבר: נתקל לאו פושע הוא.

They disagree in a situation where the damage was caused at the time of the person’s fall, with regard to whether or not one who stumbles, thereby causing his jug to break, is considered negligent. One Sage, R' Meir, holds that one who stumbles is considered negligent, as his carelessness caused him to stumble. Therefore, he is liable to pay for damage caused by the shards of the jug, which broke as result of his stumbling. And one Sage, R' Yehuda, holds that one who stumbles is not considered negligent.