Study Bava Kamma folio 114A with parallel Hebrew-English text, traditional commentary, and modern study tools. Free access to Babylonian Talmud online.
based on the word of one witness, which is insufficient evidence according to Jewish law. And we said that this is so only when one individual testifies alone against his fellow Jew, but when two witnesses testify against a Jew, we do not excommunicate them, as their testimony is sufficient evidence
The Talmud relates that Rav Ashi said: When I was in the academy of Rav Huna, the following dilemma was raised before us: What is the halakha with regard to an important person, whose testimony is relied upon by the non-Jew courts as if it were the testimony of two witnesses? Since the non-Jew co
§ The Talmud cites another situation where a Jew is excommunicated for causing harm to another Jew. Rav Ashi said: In the case of a Jewish man who sells a non-Jew a plot of land that is on the border of the property of his fellow Jew, we excommunicate him. What is the reason? If we say it is becaus
Rather, it is because we say to him on behalf of the owner of the adjacent field: You have placed a lion, i.e., a dangerous individual, on my border, as the non-Jew might now cause me harm. Consequently, we excommunicate him until he accepts upon himself responsibility for all harm that comes upo
Mishnah: If customs collectors took one’s donkey and gave him a different donkey that was taken from another Jew in its stead, or if bandits took his garment and gave him a different garment that was taken from a Jew in its stead, these items are now his because the owners despaired of retrieving t