Study Bava Batra folio 176A with parallel Hebrew-English text, traditional commentary, and modern study tools. Free access to Babylonian Talmud online.
Text Excerpt
אמר רב פפא, הלכתא: מלוה על פה – גובה מן היורשין, ואינו גובה מן הלקוחות. גובה מן היורשין – כדי שלא תנעול דלת בפני לוין, ואינו גובה מן הלקוחות – דלית ליה קלא.
Rav Pappa said: The halakha is that when a creditor gives a loan by oral contract, he can collect the debt from the heirs of the debtor after his death, but he cannot collect the debt from the purchasers of the debtor’s property. He can collect the debt from the heirs so as not to lock the door in the face of potential borrowers. But he cannot collect the debt from the purchasers, as a loan by oral contract has no publicity associated with it.
הוציא עליו כתב ידו שהוא חייב לו – גובה מנכסים בני חורין וכו׳. בעא מיניה רבה בר נתן מרבי יוחנן: הוחזק כתב ידו בבית דין, מאי? אמר ליה: אף על פי שהוחזק כתב ידו בבית דין – אינו גובה אלא מנכסים בני חורין.
§ The Mishnah teaches: If one presents to a debtor a document in the handwriting of the debtor stating that he owes money to him, but without witnesses signed on the document, the creditor can collect only from unsold property. Rabba bar Natan asked R' Yoḥanan: If the document in the handwriting of the debtor was ratified in court at a later time, what is the halakha? Would it then be possible to collect the debt from liened property that has been sold? R' Yoḥanan said to him in reply: Even if the document in the handwriting of the debtor was ratified in court, the creditor can collect the debt only from unsold property.
מתיב רמי בר חמא: שלשה גיטין פסולין, ואם נישאת – הולד כשר. ואלו הן: כתב בכתב ידו – ואין עליו עדים; יש עליו עדים – ואין בו זמן; יש בו זמן – ואין בו אלא עד אחד; הרי אלו שלשה גיטין פסולין, ואם נישאת – הולד כשר.
Rami bar Ḥama raises an objection from a Mishnah (Gittin 86a), which states: There are 3 types of bills of divorce that are not valid ab initio, but if the woman marries another man on the basis of one of these bills of divorce the lineage of the offspring from this marriage is unflawed. In other words, she is not considered to be a married woman who had sex with another man, which would impair the lineage of their child. And they are these: A bill of divorce that the husband wrote in his handwriting but there are no signatures of witnesses in the document at all; a bill of divorce where there are the signatures of witnesses in the document but there is no date written in it; and a bill of divorce where there is a date written in it, but it contains only one witness. These are the 3 bills of divorce that are not valid with regard to which the rabbis said: And if she marries, the lineage of the offspring is unflawed.